Zone of Promoted Action (ZPA) of Elementary School Teacher in Mathematics Learning

Abstract

Starting from Vygotsky’s social development theory, that is Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), Valsiner develop the theory by generating a new theory, that is Zone of Promoted Action (ZPA). ZPA discuss about the action taken by the teacher during the learning process so that students gain new knowledge and skills. The character of the ZPA is not binding, so that it can be accepted or rejected by the students. Several studies have been done related to the ZPA, but has not led to the formulation of the indicator. This study tries to apply the formulation of indicators which summarized from the results of several previous studies, in which the goal is to classify the teacher actions which accepted or rejected by students. Subject is Mathematics teacher on fifth grade  elementary school. This qualitative research collect the data using interviews and observation. Results from this study is accepted ZPA teacher appears when the student is enthusiastic about the way teachers teach, students follow teachers instructions and students are able to achieve the goal and understand what the teacher said. Rejected ZPA apparent when students are not enthusiastic about the way teachers teach, students do not follow the instruction of the teacher. Key Words: ZPA, Elementary School Teacher, Learning Mathematics